Table 3 Volume estimation test results

Test 1

1.304

4.281

5.674

6.901

8.320

9.704

11.404

Test 2

1.276

4.229

5.412

6.810

8.322

9.980

11.441

Test 3

1.328

4.264

5.594

7.299

8.139

9.809

11.195

Test 4

1.407

4.211

5.561

7.400

8.361

9.812

11.424

Test 5

1.428

4.260

5.515

7.306

8.281

9.811

11.190

Alpha-radius

0.36

0.36

0.32

0.32

0.38

0.38

0.38

Average volume estimation (\({\mathrm{m}}^{3}\))

1.349

4.249

5.551

7.143

8.285

9.823

11.331

Actual volume of single bucket (\({\mathrm{m}}^{3}\))

1.45

1.40

1.43

1.35

1.35

1.42

1.40

Actual volume of shovel load(\({\mathrm{m}}^{3}\))

1.45

4.27

5.70

7.05

8.40

9.82

11.22

Relative error (%)

−6.99

−0.49

−2.61

1.32

−1.37

0.04

0.99

Standard deviation (\({\mathrm{m}}^{3}\))

0.0589

0.0254

0.0866

0.2395

0.0770

0.0886

0.1133