From: Effect of RANS Turbulence Model on Aerodynamic Behavior of Trains in Crosswind
Turbulence model | c s | Relative error (%) | c l | Relative error (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
SKE | 4.29 | 8.06 | 1.55 | − 36.2 |
RNG | 4.15 | 4.53 | 1.79 | − 26.3 |
RKE | 3.94 | − 0.76 | 1.54 | − 36.6 |
SKW | 3.88 | − 2.27 | 1.68 | − 30.9 |
SST | 3.99 | 0.50 | 1.90 | − 21.8 |
SPA | 3.91 | − 1.51 | 1.55 | − 36.2 |
EXP | 3.97 | ‒ | 2.43 | ‒ |