Figure 12

(a) (i) Schematic diagram illustrating freeze-casting [69], (ii) the bio-inspired material with lamellar alumina [69], (iii) the bio-inspired material with porous chitosan [69]; (b) (i) A flat nacre-like composite prepared by 3D printing [102], (ii) a curved nacre-like composite prepared by 3D printing [102], (iii) helicoidal structure prepared by 3D printing [107], (iv) herringbone structure prepared by 3D printing [107]; (c) (i) Schematic diagram illustrating coextrusion [104], (ii) singlepass coextrusion counterparts SP-chop [104], (iii) multipass coextrusion counterparts MP-chop [104]; (d) (i) SEM image of the fracture surface of a nacre-like composite prepared by self-assembly [105], (ii) SEM image of the cross section of a chitin/PAA organic template sample with the twisted plywood structure prepared by self-assembly [108]; (e) (i) Schematic diagram illustrating mineralization [106], (ii) SEM image of the fracture surface of synthetic nacre [106], (iii) SEM image of the aragonite layer of synthetic nacre [106]; (f) (i) Schematic diagram illustrating magnetically assisted slip casting [109], (ii) SEM image of the architecture of the periodic platelet [109]