Figure 7

(a) The twisted plywood structure of the lobster cuticle (Homarus americanus) [85]; (b) SEM micrographs of the fractured surfaces of the lobster cuticle at increased resolution [23]; (c) 3D maps of the Young’s modulus for different hierarchical structure units (α-chitin chains, chitin–protein nanofibrils in a planar array, twisted plywood stack of chitin–protein planes without pore canals, and twisted plywood stack of chitin–protein planes with pore canals) of the lobster cuticle obtained with different simulation methods [85]