From: Research Review of Principles and Methods for Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Stress in Bolts
Method | Measurement | Accuracy | Complexity |
---|---|---|---|
Torque | Torque | ± 25% | Ordinary |
Turn-of-the-nut | Torque + nut rotation angle | ± 15% | Slight |
Yield point | Torque rate | ± 8% | Slight |
Electric resistance strain gauge | Resistance of strain gauge | – | Extreme |
Elongation | Elongation of bolts | ± 5% | Extreme |