Table 7 Comparison of results according to draw ratios (2.3–2.5) in the 1st deep drawing
Draw ratio | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
DDI process | 1st stage | Deep drawing | Deep drawing | Deep drawing |
2nd stage | Redrawing 1 \(\to\) ironing 1 \(\to\) ironing 2 | Redrawing \(\to\) ironing 1 | Redrawing \(\to\) ironing 1 | |
3rd stage | Redrawing 2 \(\to\) ironing 3 | Ironing 2 | Ironing 2 | |
Number of processes | 5 | 4 | 4 | |
Inflow angle of workpiece | 13\(^\circ\) | 9\(^\circ\) | 5\(^\circ\) | |
Volume of tractrix die | \(4.66\times {10}^{8}\, {\mathrm{mm}}^{3}\) | \(5.71\times {10}^{8}\, {\mathrm{mm}}^{3}\) | \(7.45\times {10}^{8}\, {\mathrm{mm}}^{3}\) | |