Stage | Dimension of die | Draw ratio and reduction ratio of cross-sectional area | |
---|---|---|---|
1st stage | Deep drawing | \({D}_{0}\) = 1,129 mm \({\mathrm{d}p}_{1}\) = 470.51 mm \({\mathrm{d}i}_{1}\) = 490.51 mm | \({D}_{0}/{\mathrm{d}p}_{1}=2.4\) \({A}_{1}=\frac{\pi }{4}\left({{\mathrm{d}i}_{1}}^{2}-{{\mathrm{d}p}_{1}}^{2}\right)\) = 15,095.7 mm2 |
2nd stage | Redrawing | \({\mathrm{d}p}_{2}\) = 332.5 mm \({\mathrm{d}i}_{2-1}\) = 352.5 mm | \({\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{p}1}/{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{p}2}=1.42\) \({A}_{21}=\frac{\pi }{4}\left({{\mathrm{d}i}_{2-1}}^{2}-{{\mathrm{d}p}_{2}}^{2}\right)\) = 10,760 mm2 |
Ironing 1 | \({\mathrm{d}i}_{2-2}\) = 346.7 mm | \({A}_{22}=\frac{\pi }{4}\left({{\mathrm{d}i}_{2-2}}^{2}-{{\mathrm{d}p}_{2}}^{2}\right)\) = 7,574.9 mm2 \({RA}_{Ironing,22}=1-\frac{{A}_{2-2}}{{A}_{2-1}}=29.6\%\) (< 35%) \({RA}_{total,2}=1-\frac{{A}_{2-2}}{{A}_{1}}=49.8\%\) (< 50%) | |
3rd stage | Ironing 2 | \({\mathrm{d}p}_{3}\) = 332.5 mm \({\mathrm{d}i}_{3-1}\) = 341.9 mm | \({A}_{31}=\frac{\pi }{4}\left({{\mathrm{d}i}_{3-1}}^{2}-{{\mathrm{d}p}_{3}}^{2}\right)\) = 4,979 mm2 \({RA}_{Ironing,3-2}=1-\frac{{A}_{3-1}}{{A}_{2-2}}=34.3\%\) (< 35%) \({RA}_{total, 3}=1-\frac{{A}_{31}}{{A}_{22}}=34.3\%\) (< 50%) |