Table 1 Summary of the direct drive HSVs with innovative structures
From: Development of High-Speed On–Off Valves and Their Applications
Reference | Valve construction | Structure feature | Switching frequency/time | Flow capacity (L/min) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Honglin Machinery [8] | Ball | No restoring spring | 3.5 ms/2.5 ms (on/off) | 9 |
Manhartsgruber [13] | Spool | Plate-style armature | 400 Hz | 30 |
Tu et al. [14] | Rotary | Self-spinning spool | 84 Hz | 40 |
Katz [18] | Rotary | Disc-style | 64 Hz | 10 |
Gu et al. [21] | Poppet | Moving-sleeve | 2.25 ms/2.15 ms (on/off) | 60 |
Messner et al. [22] | Ball | Fast actuator | 1 kHz | 0.2 |
Noergaard et al. [23] | Seat | Moving-coil actuator | 3 ms | 120 |
Madsen et al. [26] | Seat | Moving-magnet actuator | 5.7 ms | 142 |
Liu et al. [29] | Poppet | Voice coil motor | 7 ms/9 ms (on/off) | 100 |
Yang et al. [31] | Poppet | Magnetic ring | 1.5 ms | 0.7 |
Koktavy et al. [33] | Spool | Crank-slider | 120 Hz | 22.7 |