Figure 1
From: Bone Milling: On Monitoring Cutting State and Force Using Sound Signals
Lumbar laminectomy a schematic of lumbar laminectomy, b cross-section of the vertebral plate, and c five cutting states of bone milling in laminectomy. Cutting state (1): upper cortical bone, cutting state (2): upper cortical and cancellous bone, cutting state (3): totally cancellous bone, cutting state (4): lower cortical and cancellous bone, and cutting state (5): tool already penetrate the lower cortical bone