Figure 6
From: Recent Advances in Soft Biological Tissue Manipulating Technologies
Crack propagation in tissue cutting: (a) Needle tip-tissue interface during cutting represented by a force distribution with magnitude of Fc (δ is the crack-tip-opening displacement, a is the needle tip length, da is the incremental crack growth); (b) Modelling finite compliance and viscoelastic behavior of tissue using a linear solid model element (δT =0 is the displacement of the tissue sufficiently far from the crack surface) [82]