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Table 7 Additive manufacturing of microneedles

From: A Review of Nano/Micro/Milli Needles Fabrications for Biomedical Engineering

Methods

Fabrication illustrations

SEM images

Materials

Advantages

Typical limitations

Typical applications

Typical 3D printing

 Stereolithography

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Solid microneedles

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Photo curable polymer

High efficiency, high repeatability, high flexibility

Poor surface quality, rough surface, large tip radius

Transdermal drug delivery

 Digital light processing

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Bioinspired microneedles

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Photo curable polymer

Complex 3D structure, high flexibility, non-contact machining

Rough surface, limited materials,

Transdermal drug delivery, fog harvest

Drawing method

 Thermal drawing

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Solid microneedles

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SU-8, PLGA, Maltose

High aspect ratio, high efficiency, maskless

Low repeatability, limited materials, high temperature

Bio-electrode, brain-computer interface

 Magnetorheological drawing

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Bioinspired microneedles

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Curable magnetorheological fluid

One-step fabrication, maskless, high flexibility

Low biocompatibility, limited material

Transdermal drug delivery, bio-electrode, bio-sensing