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Table 5 Performance comparison of digging forces on real-world measurement data

From: Novel Hybrid Physics-Informed Deep Neural Network for Dynamic Load Prediction of Electric Cable Shovel

Methods

Metrics

RMSE

MAE

R2

Analytical method

939.69

700.46

0.81

Pure data-driven

819.19

581.99

0.86

HPINN

641.04

504.97

0.88