Table 1 Main parameters of the HEB

Engine

Type: Inline six-cylinder diesel engine;

Displacement: 1.9 L;

Maximum power: 170 kW;

Maximum speed: 2400 r/min;

Peak torque: 850 N·m

EM

Type: permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM);

Maximum power: 130 kW;

Maximum speed: 3000 r/min;

Peak torque: 1100 N·m

AMT

Gear ratio: [6.39, 3.97, 2.4, 1.48, 1, 0.73];

Final drive ratio: 5.57;

Average efficiency: 0.9

Battery

Type: NiMH Spiral Wound;

Nominal cell voltage: 1.2 V;

Total cells: 480;

Nominal voltage: 345 V;

Capacity: 13 A·h

Vehicle

Mass: 13500 kg;

Frontal area: 3.66 m²;

Air resistance coefficient: 0.44;

Road resistance coefficient: 0.013;

Tire radius: 0.517 m;

Tire inertia: 4.829 kg·m² for each.

Wheelbase: 4.65 m;

Gravity center height: 2 m