Table 1 Mechanical properties of the carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminate [29, 30]

Longitudinal modulus E₁

130

GPa

Transverse modulus E₂ (E₃)

7.64

GPa

Shear modulus G₁₂ (G₁₃)

3.7

GPa

Shear modulus G₂₃

2.65*

GPa

Poisson’s ratio ν₁₂ (ν₁₃)

0.32

–

Poisson’s ratio ν₂₃

0.44*

–

Longitudinal tensile strength X_T

1750

MPa

Longitudinal compressive strength X_C

1850

MPa

Transverse tensile strength Y_T (Z_T)

80

MPa

Transverse compressive strength Y_C (Z_C)

150

MPa

Shear strength S

112

MPa

Density ρ

1.69

g/cm³