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Table 5 Best equation obtained by PySR using (1-R), where x0, x1, and x2 represent lnΔK, (1-R), and ln(1-ΔKth/ΔK), respectively

From: Crack Growth Rate Model Derived from Domain Knowledge-Guided Symbolic Regression

Complexity

Loss

SCORE

Equation

1

11.95728320

0

\(- 16.64\)

3

6.85792887

0.506034

\(x_{0} - 18.65\)

4

5.12093165

1.015250

\(- \ln (\left| {x_{2} } \right|) - 17.52\)

5

1.62683224

5.138852

\({{ - 0.79} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - 0.79} {x_{2} }}} \right. \kern-0pt} {x_{2} }} - 20.06\)

6

0.38504615

7.903765

\(- 2.78{ \times }\ln (\left| {x_{2} } \right|) - 19.08\)

8

0.26074687

1.355014

\(- 3.66{ \times }\ln (\left| {x_{2} } \right|) - x_{2} - 20.76\)

9

0.20797211

1.920022

\(3.97{ \times }x_{0} - 2.99{ \times }x_{1} - 21.83\)

10

0.18593335

1.063166

\(- 3.33{ \times }\ln (\left| {x_{2} } \right|) - 0.62{ \times }x_{2} - 20.12\)

11

0.16588967

1.196780

\(\ln (\left| {x_{2} } \right|){ \times ((} - 0.31{ \times }\ln (\left| {x_{2} } \right|)) + 2.38) - 19.44\)

12

0.14459242

1.579150

\(1.65{ \times }\left( {x_{0} - \ln (\left| {x_{2} } \right|)} \right) + 1.12{ \times }x_{1} - 20.32\)

13

0.13260567

1.081161

\(3.65{ \times }x_{0} - 2.72{ \times }x_{1} + 0.30{ \times }x_{2} - 21.17\)

14

0.11579778

1.828878

\(2.55{ \times }x_{0} - {{(1.79{ \times }x_{1} + \ln (\left| {x_{2} } \right|))} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{(1.79{ \times }x_{1} + \ln (\left| {x_{2} } \right|))} {0.97}}} \right. \kern-0pt} {0.97}} - 20.95\)

16

0.11292975

0.187817

\(2.55{ \times }x_{0} - (\ln (\left| {x_{2} } \right|) + x_{1} { \times }(1.79 - 0.05{ \times }x_{2} )) - 20.95\)

18

0.11002615

0.221151

\(2.64{ \times }x_{0} - {{{{0.04} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{0.04} {x_{0} }}} \right. \kern-0pt} {x_{0} }}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{{0.04} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{0.04} {x_{0} }}} \right. \kern-0pt} {x_{0} }}} {x_{1} }}} \right. \kern-0pt} {x_{1} }} + 1.84{ \times }x_{1} - \ln (\left| {x_{2} } \right|) + 0.44 - 21.17\)

20

0.11002614

0.000001

\(2.64{ \times (}x_{0} - 0.07) - {{{{0.04} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{0.04} {x_{0} }}} \right. \kern-0pt} {x_{0} }}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{{0.04} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{0.04} {x_{0} }}} \right. \kern-0pt} {x_{0} }}} {x_{1} }}} \right. \kern-0pt} {x_{1} }} + 1.84{ \times }x_{1} - \ln (\left| {x_{2} } \right|) + 0.44 - 20.99\)