| Hydropower station | Head (m) | Capacity (MW) | Erosion phenomenon |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Chilime HPP [50] | 351.5 | 2×11 | An efficient reduction of 1.21%; Wear rate of 3.4 mm/year was estimated for the needle and the bucket |
2 | Ref. [15] | 920 | ‒ | The needle was seriously eroded |
3 | Chennai HPP [49] | 365 | 5×4.66 | The erosion was found to be 3.71% and 5% on spear and nozzle, respectively |
4 | Zhalia HPP [52] | 690.55 | 4×250 | The annual erosion depth of the bucket can reach 0.1 mm |
5 | Fieschertal HPP [54] | 515 | 2×32 | The depth of the cutout was increased by 9 mm, and the height of the splitter was reduced by 6 mm |
6 | Alfalfa HPP [10] | 690 | ‒ | Coating with SXHTM70 decreased the damages significantly |
7 | Ref. [15] | 645 | 81 | The splitter’s thickness increased to 1% of the bucket with the efficiency dropping to 1% at full load. |
8 | 174 | 2×5 | The runner was seriously eroded | |
9 | Jhimruk HPP [56] | 205 | 12 | Drop in the efficiency of 4% of the turbine unit |