Figure 9
From: Bone Milling: On Monitoring Cutting State and Force Using Sound Signals
Example of sound signal processing and classification result: (Cutting speed = 3000 r/min, feed rate = 2.0 mm/s, and ADOC = 1 mm) a The cross section of vertebra after milling and the black dotted box represents the milling area in this example, b The sound signals collected in the milling procedure, c The temporal spectrum of sound signals after WPT, d The results of cutting state classified by ANN. The bottom colors represent the actual cutting state (Yellow—Cutting state 1; Blue—Cutting state 2; Green—Cutting state 3)