Name | Time | Erosion models | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Liu et al. [69] | 2012 | Needle tip (ZG230-450): \(E = 5.45 \times 10^{ - 9} \cdot W^{3.16} \cdot C_{s}^{0.98}\) Needle shaft (42CrMo): \(E = 1.47 \times 10^{ - 9} \cdot W^{3.41} \cdot C_{s}^{1.02}\) Runner bucket (X3CrNiMo13-4): \(E = 8.82 \times 10^{ - 9} \cdot W^{3.51} \cdot C_{s}^{1.01}\) | \(E\) is the erosion rate of mass loss for the test sample, g/h \(W\) is the resultant velocity, m/s \({C}_{s}\) is the sediment concentration, kg/m3 |
Liu et al. [44] | 2019 | Runner bucket (04Cr13Ni5Mo): \(E = 3.45 \times 10^{ - 9} \cdot W^{4.31} \cdot C_{s}^{1.05}\) Needle tip (ADB610): \(E = 5.32 \times 10^{ - 9} \cdot W^{4.28} \cdot C_{s}^{0.95}\) Nozzle ring (42ZG230-450): \(E = 1.07 \times 10^{ - 8} \cdot W^{4.07} \cdot C_{s}^{1.06}\) | \(E\) is erosion rate, μm/h \(W\) is the resultant velocity, m/s \({C}_{s}\) is the sediment concentration, kg/m3 |
Padhy et al. [5] | 2009 | Runner (brass): \(W = 4.02 \times 10^{ - 12} S^{0.0567} C^{1.2267} V^{3.79} t\) | \(W\) is normalized wear, g/g; per unit discharge, m3/s \(S\) is silt particle size, m \(C\) is silt concentration, ppm \(V\) is silt concentration, m/s |
Padhy et al. [6] | 2011 | Turbine (brass): \(\eta \% = 2.43 \times 10^{ - 10} t^{0.75} S^{0.099} C^{0.93} V^{3.40}\) | \(\eta\) is efficiency loss, % \(S\) is silt particle size, m \(C\) is silt concentration, ppm \(V\) is silt concentration, m/s |
Thakur et al. [71] | 2017 | Runner blades (Aluminum): \(W = 3.733 \times 10^{ - 11} S^{0.1159} C^{0.9096} V^{2.285} t^{1.1317}\) | W is normalized wear, g/g S is silt size, μm C is the silt concentration, ppm V is the jet velocity, m/s \(t\) is operating time, h |
Rai et al. [45] | 2020 | Bucket (Bronze): \(\left( {E_{n} } \right)_{BGi} = 5.74 \times 10^{ - 12} (SSC)^{1.03} \left( {d_{50} } \right)^{ - 0.085} (C)^{3.10} (t)^{1.09}\) Bucket (16Cr-5Ni): \(\left( {E_{n} } \right)_{BGi} = 9.09 \times 10^{ - 13} (SSC)^{1.09} \left( {d_{50} } \right)^{0.004} (C)^{3.36} (t)^{1.11}\) Bucket (16Cr-4Ni): \(\left( {E_{n} } \right)_{BGi} = 7.02 \times 10^{ - 13} (SSC)^{1.08} \left( {d_{50} } \right)^{ - 0.009} (C)^{3.42} (t)^{1.12}\) Bucket (13Cr-4Ni): \(\left( {E_{n} } \right)_{BGi} = 6.25 \times 10^{ - 13} (SSC)^{1.08} \left( {d_{50} } \right)^{0.000} (C)^{3.47} (t)^{1.11}\) Bucket (13Cr-4Ni with plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coating): \(\left( {E_{n} } \right)_{BGi} = 7.14 \times 10^{ - 12} (SSC)^{1.25} \left( {d_{50} } \right)^{0.376} (C)^{2.42} (t)^{1.18}\) Bucket (13Cr-4Ni with WC-Co-Cr HVOF coating): \(\left( {E_{n} } \right)_{BGi} = 1.38 \times 10^{ - 14} (SSC)^{1.12} \left( {d_{50} } \right)^{0.314} (C)^{4.09} (t)^{0.96}\) | \({\left({E}_{n}\right)}_{BGi}\) is normalized erosion for the bucket, g \(SSC\) is silt concentration, ppm \({d}_{50}\) is median sediment size in a particle size distribution, mm \(C\) is relative flow velocity, m/s \(t\) is the time duration of erosion, h |