Table 7 Main types and effects of antioxidants
From: Vegetable Oil-Based Nanolubricants in Machining: From Physicochemical Properties to Application
Ref.No. | Â | Main additives | Molecular structure | Basic fluid | Application effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[141] | Antioxidant effect | α-tocopherols, γ-tocopherols |
| Rapeseed oil triacylglycerols | ≤50 μg/g, α- tocopherols>γ-tocopherols >100 μg/g, γ-tocopherols>α- tocopherols. |
[143] | ADPA, BHT, APDD, ZDDC |  | Soybean oil | ZDDC>BHT>APDD>ADPA Too low reaction temperature (150 ℃) is an important reason for poor oxidation resostance of ADPA. | |
[144] | Propyl gallate (PG) |
| High-oleicsunflower, Castor oils | PG increases the thermal degradation temperature of vegetable oil from 331 ℃ to 347 ℃. | |
[145] | Pentaerythritol ester (PRE) |
| Rapeseed oil, Soybean oil | When the concentration of PRE was 20 wt%, the oxidation induction time (OIT) of RO and SO increased by 305% and 124%, respectively. | |
[147] | Biobaded antioxidants (BAs) |
| Polyol ester oil | The initial degradation temperature of BA1 is nearly 100 ℃ higher than that of diphenylamine (DPA). | |
[148] | Â | Biobased multifunctional additives (BMAs) |
| Rapeseed oil, Coconut oil, Epoxidized soybean oil | No matter how saturated the vegetable oil is, BMAs are very effective as antioxidants. The oxidation induction time (OIT) of rapeseed oil, coconut oil and epoxidized soybean oil increased by 2.2, 14.0 and 32.0 times. |
[149] | Â | Two multiphenol antioxidants, THA and PTP |
| Ester lubricant | The oxidation initiation temperature (199.4 ℃) of PTP antioxidant was higher than that of THA (180.7 ℃), and the oxidation induction time was 12.3 min longer than that of THA antioxidant. |
[150] | Additional effects | AO-1 (T534, amine antioxidant), AO-2 (RF1135, phenolic antioxidant) | Â | Diisooctylsebacate (DIOS) | The addition of AO-1 and AO-2 improved the lubrication effect of antiwear performance of DIOS, and AO-1 reduced the friction coefficient of DIOS by 18.93%. |
[149] | Two multiphenol antioxidants, THA and PTP |
| Ester lubricant | The addition of PTP antioxidant reduced the wear scar diameter by 22.91% compared with the base oil. | |
[145] | Pentaerythritol rosin ester (PRE) |
| Soybean oil, Rapeseed oil | When the concentration of PRE was 20 wt%, the dynamic viscosity of RO and SO increased by 136.11% and 179.3%, respectively. | |
[148] | Biobased multifunctional additives (BMAs) |
| Rapeseed oil, Coconut oil, Epoxidized soybean oil | The wear and friction of vegetable oil added with BMA3 decreased by 18% and 25%, respectively. | |
[153] | a-Tocopherol(VE), 2,6-dibutyl-4-methylphenol (DBPC), (O,O-diisopropyl-dithiophosphate) (ZDTP) |
| Rapeseed oil | Phenolic antioxidants and zinc dialkyldithiocar bamate exhibited good results with regard to preventing peroxide generation. ZDTP has synergistic effect with antioxidant additives. | |
[154] |  | Schiff base bridged phenolic diphenylamine antioxidants (SSPDs), zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) |  | Base oil | Compared with the single addition of ZDDP, when any SSPD is added at the same time, the EP performance of base oil is enhanced, and the PB value increases by 18%‒22%. |
