Table 9 Main types and effects of nanoparticles
From: Vegetable Oil-Based Nanolubricants in Machining: From Physicochemical Properties to Application
Ref. No. | Lubricant | Nanoenh-ancer | Workpiece | Evaluation parameters | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[55] | Rapeseed oil | Graphene nanosheets | Ti-6Al-4 V-ELI | Cutting force | Compared with the traditional casting machining with synthetic cutting fluid, the MQL of rapeseed oil with 1.5 wt% graphene reduced Fn and Ft by 22.1% and 33.8%, respectively. |
[200] | Cottonseed oil | Al2O3 | Aviation aluminum 7075 | Cutting force | The cutting force of cottonseed oil minimum quality lubrication machining is 19.2% lower than that of dry machining, while the cutting force of vegetable oil minimum quality lubrication machining with nano particles is further reduced. |
[201] | Vegetable oil | MoS2, CNT | GH4169 Nickel-based alloy | Cutting force | The best MoS2/CNT mixing ratio and nanofluid concentration were 2:1 and 6 wt%, respectively. The friction coefficient is 15.32% and 8.79% lower than that of pure MoS2 and pure CNT, respectively. |
[204] | Palm oil | MoS2, ZrO2, CNT, Polycrystalline diamond, Al2O3, SiO2 | GH4169 Nickel-based alloy | Cutting temperature | CNT nanoparticles have the highest thermal conductivity (3000 W/(m·K)) among the six kinds of nanoparticles, and show the best cooling performance. |
[205] | Palm oil | CNT | 45 steel, nickel base alloy, ductile iron | Cutting temperature | The grinding temperature of 45 steel is the highest (363.9 ℃), while that of ductile iron is the lowest (143.2 ℃), and that of nickel base alloy is 245.7 ℃. |
[206] | Coconut oil, SAE-40 | Nano boric acid suspension | AISI 1040 | Cutting temperature, tool wear | Compared with SAE-40 lubricant, the cutting temperature of the solid lubricant containing 0.5% nano boric acid particles in coconut oil decreases by approximately 21% under the combined action of the solid lubricant. In addition, the 0.5% nano boric acid particle suspension in coconut oil has the least side wear. |
[207] | Ester lubricating oil | hBN nanoparticles | Inconel 625 | Tool wear | Compared with pure MQL, the tool wear and tool life with 1% hBN nanoparticles MQL are improved by approximately 20% and 24%, respectively. |
[208] | Rapeseed oil | MoS2, ZrO2, CNT | Hardened Steel 45 | Surface quality | It is observed that MoS2 has the best surface quality. Some substances are accumulated in carbon nanotubes (CNT) and ZrO2. In addition, the surface texture gap and wave crest height are large. |
[209] | Paraffin oil, sunflower oil | MoS2, graphite, Al2O3 | Tungsten carbide (WC) grade YG8 | Surface quality | MoS2 and graphite nanoparticles can reduce the roughness values in both cutting directions. However, the addition of Al2O3 will increase the roughness values in all grinding directions. |
[211] | Palm oil, liquid paraffin | MoS2 | 45 steel | Surface quality | When paraffin and palm oil liquids were milled with 2% nano particle jet MQL, compared with the MQL of paraffin oil and palm oil liquids without nano particles, Ra decreased by 25% and 30%, Rz decreased by 15.4% and 23.7%, respectively. |