Figure 4From: Effects of Electric and Magnetic Treatments on Microstructures of Solid Metals: A ReviewSchematic illustration for grain refinement and UFG microstructure formation: (a) Formation of γ-phase nuclei, (b) Formation of γ-phase grains by the growth of γ-phase nuclei, (c) Formation of α-phase nuclei, and (d) Formation of α-phase grains by the growth of α-phase nuclei [32]Back to article page