Skip to main content
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering
Download PDF
  • Original Article
  • Open access
  • Published:

Face Grinding Surface Quality of High Volume Fraction SiCp/Al Composite Materials

Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering volume 34, Article number: 3 (2021) Cite this article

Abstract

The existing research on SiCp/Al composite machining mainly focuses on the machining parameters or surface morphology. However, the surface quality of SiCp/Al composites with a high volume fraction has not been extensively studied. In this study, 32 SiCp/Al specimens with a high volume fraction were prepared and their machining parameters measured. The surface quality of the specimens was then tested and the effect of the grinding parameters on the surface quality was analyzed. The grinding quality of the composite specimens was comprehensively analyzed taking the grinding force, friction coefficient, and roughness parameters as the evaluation standards. The best grinding parameters were obtained by analyzing the surface morphology. The results show that, a higher spindle speed should be chosen to obtain a better surface quality. The final surface quality is related to the friction coefficient, surface roughness, and fragmentation degree as well as the quantity and distribution of the defects. Lower feeding amount, lower grinding depth and appropriately higher spindle speed should be chosen to obtain better surface quality. Lower feeding amount, higher grinding depth and spindle speed should be chosen to balance grind efficiently and surface quality. This study proposes a systematic evaluation method, which can be used to guide the machining of SiCp/Al composites with a high volume fraction.

1 Introduction

SiCp/Al is a composite material with high specific stiffness, specific strength, and thermal conductivity, and a low thermal expansion coefficient. Therefore, it is widely used in precision optical instruments, advanced weapons, and the aerospace field [1‒4]. In the aerospace field, SiCp/Al is widely used in optical structure components and electronic packaging systems. To satisfy the application requirements, SiCp/Al composites with a high volume fraction are needed [5, 6]; they have excellent mechanical properties. However, SiC particles exhibit high levels of hardness and strength. Consequently, SiCp/Al composites with a high volume fraction are difficult to machine [7‒9]. To expand the application of SiCp/Al composites with a high volume fraction, many studies have been conducted by researchers worldwide. Additionally, many research results have been obtained [10‒13].

Ciftci et al. [14] conducted a research on the effect of the volume fraction and particle size on cutting tool wear. The results showed that coated carbide tools had a longer service life. To predict the cutting force during the orthogonal cutting of SiCp/Al composite materials, Kishawy et al. [15] proposed a force model based on energy analysis. Some scholars conducted a research on the effect of the machining parameters and cutting tool structure on the cutting process [16‒18]. Zheng et al. [19] studied the surface roughness of SiCp/Al composite materials after vibration grinding. The results showed that the spindle speed was the most influential machining parameter. The surface fractal dimension was related to the spindle speed and feeding velocity. Additionally, the surface defects had a significant influence on the surface fractal dimension. Du et al. [20] studied the chip formation mechanism during the grinding of SiCp/Al composite materials, and the topography characteristics of the chips were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that flake chips were the most common type. Kannan et al. [21] studied the formation mechanism of serrated chips during the machining of SiCp/Al composite materials. The results showed that stress was concentrated in the contact area between the aluminum matrix and SiC particles. Therefore, key holes were formed in the contact area and serrated chips were generated. Besides, a few researchers carried out single grit scratch tests to investigate SiCp/Al composites removal characteristics [22, 23].

According to the references, SiCp/Al composite materials can be precisely machined [24‒30]. However, the machining parameters were not comprehensively analyzed, and the surface morphology was not systematically evaluated in these references. Taking the spindle speed, feeding amount, and grinding depth as the machining parameters, 32 SiCp/Al specimens were grinding machined. The specimens were grouped and their surface quality was analyzed by the cutting force, friction coefficient, and roughness parameters. Further, the grinding qualities of the specimens were analyzed.

2 Testing Process and Detection

2.1 Testing Process

As shown in Figure 1(a), the testing system was based on an ultrasonic machine tool. The electroplated diamond wheel in Figure 1(b) was used as the grinding tool. The outer diameter and wall thickness of the grinding tool were 12 mm and 2 mm, respectively. The particle size of the diamond grain was D126 (120/140). The matrix and particle-reinforced materials of the workpieces were Al 2024-T6 and SiC ceramic, respectively. The particle volume fraction and average size of SiC were 62.5% and 40 μm, respectively. The rest of the parameters are listed in Table 1.

Figure 1
figure 1

Experimental equipment

Full size image
Table 1 Parameters of SiC and Al 2024-T6
Full size table

The specimens are shown in Figure 1(c). The upper surface was selected as the testing surface and the dimensions of the specimens were 3 mm×8 mm×10 mm. The cooling fluid supplied by Blaser was used for the testing system; the processing parameters are listed in Table 2. All the tests were conducted twice and the average experimental values were obtained.

Table 2 Processing parameters
Full size table

2.2 Detection Method

As shown in Figure 1(b), the Kistler 9257B was used to measure the grinding forces, and the data sampling frequency was set at 9 kHz. All the machined surfaces were washed by the ultrasonic cleaning method before the surface topography measurement. As shown in Figure 1(d), a VK-X 3D laser scanning microscope was used to determine the distribution of the surface defects. Additionally, the parameters of the surface topography can be analyzed systematically.

3 Evaluation Standard

To evaluate the machining quality, the grinding force (F), friction coefficient (COF), roughness parameters, and surface morphology were chosen as the evaluation parameters. The specimens were machined by the face-grinding method, and the axial grinding force was obtained as an evaluation parameter. The friction coefficient was used to evaluate the friction condition between the machine tool and specimen. The higher the value of the friction coefficient, the worse the surface quality.

The following parameters were chosen as the roughness parameters: surface roughness (Ra), broken area ratio (Sdr), peak height (Rp), lowest valley (Rv), gradient (Ssk) and kurtosis (Sku). The parameters are defined as follows.

(1) Ra is the arithmetic average roughness, which represents the arithmetical mean deviation of the profile.

(2) Sdr is used to evaluate the fragmentation degrees of the surfaces after grinding. The higher the value of Sdr, the larger the fragmentation area.

(3)Rp and Rv are the peak height and lowest valley of the profile, respectively.

(4) Ssk is used to evaluate the profile amplitude distribution. It is equal to 0 if the height of the profile surface is symmetrically distributed, less than 0 if low valleys exist below the middle plane, and higher than 0 if peaks exist above the middle plane.

(5) Sku is the kurtosis of the surface height distribution. Sku is less than 3 if the surface profile is flat and more than 3 if the surface profile is steep.

4 Results and Discussion

4.1 Experimental Results

As presented in Table 3, the experiments were divided into eight groups according to the feeding amount, grinding depth, and spindle speed. The experimental results of the grinding force (F), friction coefficient (COF), and roughness parameters are listed in Table 3.

Table 3 Parameters of surface quality
Full size table

4.2 Surface Quality under Lower Feeding Amount and Cutting Depth

The surface morphologies of groups 1 and 2 are shown in Figure 2(a) and Figure 3(a), respectively. The four photos on the left are the scanning electron microscope (SEM) results, whereas those in the middle show the height distribution of the surface morphology. We can obtain the four photos on the right by enlarging the central areas of the four photos in the middle. The lower areas are shown in black and blue, and the higher areas are in red. The surface quality parameters of groups 1 and 2 are shown in Figure 2(b) and Figure 3(b), respectively.

Figure 2
figure 2

Experimental results of group 1

Full size image
Figure 3
figure 3

Experimental results of group 2

Full size image

From Figure 2 and Figure 3, it can be observed that the experimental results of T9 and T10 are relatively superior to those of the other specimens. Core areas of the specimens were selected to compare the grinding qualities of T9 and T10; a magnified three-dimensional profile of the core areas is shown in Figure 4. The average roughness (Ra) and best roughness (Rab) of the core areas were determined. All the experimental parameters are listed in Table 4.

Figure 4
figure 4

Three-dimensional profile comparison of T9 and T10

Full size image
Table 4 Experimental parameters comparison of T9 and T10
Full size table

From Figure 4, it can be observed that the surface morphology of T9 is relatively flat. Table 4 shows that the experimental parameters of T9 are relatively superior to those of T10. Therefore, the surface quality of T9 is the best in groups 1 and 2. This mechanism can be explained as follows. The feeding amount, grinding depth, and spindle speed of T9 are 50 mm/min, 5 μm and 6000 r/min, respectively. The average diameter of SiC particles is 40 μm. The particles are relatively steady when the grinding depth is 5 μm. However, the particles are pulled out with the increase of grinding depth, causing the appearance of pits on the grinding surface.

4.3 Surface Quality under Lower Feeding Amount and Larger Cutting Depth

The surface morphologies of groups 3 and 4 are shown in Figure 5(a) and Figure 6(a), respectively. Moreover, the surface quality parameters of groups 3 and 4 are shown in Figure 5(b) and Figure 6(b), respectively.

Figure 5
figure 5

Experimental results of group 3

Full size image
Figure 6
figure 6

Experimental results of group 4

Full size image

From Figure 5, it can be observed that many pits exist on the surfaces of T3 and T7, indicating that their flatness is very poor. The Ssk and Sku of T11 are −2.53 and 12.01, respectively. This indicates that the surface of T11 was depressed, and had deep pits. Therefore, the surface quality of T15 is the best in group 3.

From Figure 6, the Sdr and Rv of T4 and T8 are relatively high. This indicates that many surface defects and deep pits exist on the surface. Moreover, the Ssk and Sku of T12 are relatively high, which indicates that the surface defects exist and the profile of T12 is very sharp. Therefore, the surface quality of T16 is the best in group 4.

Core areas of the specimens were selected to compare the grinding quality of T15 and T16. The magnified three-dimensional profiles of the core areas are shown in Figure 7. The Ra and Rab of the core areas were determined. All the experimental parameters are listed in Table 5.

Figure 7
figure 7

Three-dimensional profile comparison of T15 and T16

Full size image
Table 5 Experimental parameters comparison of T15 and T16
Full size table

As can be observed from Figure 7, the surface morphology of T16 is relatively flat. Table 5 shows that the experimental parameters of T16 are relatively superior to those of T15. Therefore, the surface quality of T16 is the best in groups 3 and 4. The mechanism can be explained as follows. The feeding amount, grinding depth, and spindle speed of T16 are 50 mm/min, 80 μm and 8000 r/min, respectively. The average diameter of the SiC particles is 40 μm, and 80 μm is twice the size of the average diameter. Theoretically speaking, SiC particles can be pulled out entirely. However, the particles are irregular and differences exist between the protrusion heights of the diamond particles. Therefore, different surface morphologies appear with the change in grinding parameters.

4.4 Surface Quality under Larger Feeding Amount and Lower Cutting Depth

The surface morphologies of groups 5 and 6 are shown in Figure 8(a) and Figure 9(a), respectively. Moreover, their surface quality parameters are shown in Figure 8(b) and Figure 9(b), respectively.

Figure 8
figure 8

Experimental results of group 5

Full size image
Figure 9
figure 9

Experimental results of group 6

Full size image

As can be observed from Figure 8, the surface morphology of T25 is relatively superior to that of T17, T21, and T29. Figure 9 shows that the surface morphology of T26 is relatively superior to that of T18, T22, and T30. Core areas of the specimens were selected to compare the grinding qualities of T25 and T26. The magnified three-dimensional profiles of the core areas are shown in Figure 10. The Ra and Rab of the core areas were determined. All the experimental parameters are listed in Table 6.

Figure 10
figure 10

Three-dimensional profile comparison of T25 and T26

Full size image
Table 6 Experimental parameters comparison of T25 and T26
Full size table

As can be observed from Figure 10, the surface morphology of T25 is relatively flat. Table 6 shows that the experimental parameters of T25 are relatively superior to those of T26. Therefore, the surface quality of T25 is the best in groups 5 and 6. The feeding amount, grinding depth, and spindle speed of T25 are 100 mm/min, 5 μm and 6000 r/min, respectively.

4.5 Surface Quality under Larger Feeding Amount and Larger Cutting Depth

The surface morphologies of groups 7 and 8 are shown in Figure 11(a) and Figure 12(a), respectively. Moreover, their surface quality parameters are shown in Figure 11(b) and Figure 12(b), respectively.

Figure 11
figure 11

Experimental results of group 7

Full size image
Figure 12
figure 12

Experimental results of group 8

Full size image

From Figure 11 and Figure 12, it can be observed that the surface qualities of T27 and T28 are relatively superior to those of other specimens by comprehensive considerations of the experimental parameters and surface morphologies.

Core areas of the specimens were selected to compare the grinding qualities of T27 and T28. The magnified three-dimensional profiles of the core areas are shown in Figure 13. The Ra and Rab of the core areas were determined. All the experimental parameters are listed in Table 7.

Figure 13
figure 13

Three-dimensional profile comparison of T27 and T28

Full size image
Table 7 Experimental parameters comparison of T27 and T28
Full size table

As can be observed from Figure 13, many pits exist on the surface of T27. However, the pits are not very deep. This may be because of the pulling out of SiC. Table 7 shows that the Sdr, Ra, Rab and Rp of T27 is lower than that of T28. On the whole, surface parameters of T27 are relatively superior to those of T28. Therefore, the surface quality of T27 is the best in groups 7 and 8.

4.6 Three-dimensional Profile Comparison

According to the above analysis, T9, T16, T25, and T27 are relatively superior to the other specimens. The three-dimensional profiles of these four specimens are shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14
figure 14

Three-dimensional profile comparison of T9, T16, T25, and T27

Full size image

As shown in Figure14, surface quality of T9 is best, lower feeding amount, lower cutting depth and appropriately higher spindle speed should be recommended to obtain better surface quality. As shown in Figure14(c) and (d), obvious feeding marks appears on surfaces of T25 and T27, which should be avoided, so lower feeding amount, higher cutting depth and higher spindle speed should be recommended to balance grinding efficiency and surface quality.

5 Conclusions

  1. (1)

    In this study, 32 SiCp/Al specimens with a high volume fraction were prepared and their machining parameters were measured. The surface quality of the specimens was tested, and the effect of the grinding parameters on the surface quality of the SiCp/Al composites was analyzed.

  2. (2)

    Taking the grinding force, friction coefficient, and roughness parameters as the evaluation standards, the surface quality of the specimens under different machining parameters was analyzed. To obtain better surface quality, lower feeding amount, lower cutting depth and appropriately higher spindle speed should be chosen. To balance grinding efficiency and surface quality, lower feeding amount, higher cutting depth and spindle speed should be chosen.

  3. (3)

    This study comprehensively analyzed machining parameters and systematically evaluated the surface morphology of SiCp/Al specimens with a high volume fraction. However, more research work should be conducted in the future. For example, the surface morphology from the view of material properties, and the influence of machining parameters should be fully discussed in the future.

References

  1. J P Chen, L Gu, G J He. A review on conventional and nonconventional machining of SiC particle-reinforced aluminium matrix composites. Advances in Manufacturing, 2020, 8(3): 279-315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. J F Wang, J L Zhao, K Y Chu. Simulation Study on Cutting Force of SiCp/A1 Composite. Journal of System Simulation, 2018, 30(4): 1566-1571.

    Google Scholar 

  3. J F Xiang, L J Xie, F N Gao, et al. Diamond tools wear in drilling of SiCp/Al matrix composites containing Copper. Ceramics International, 2018, 44(5): 5341-5351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. D H Xiang, Z L Shi, H R Feng, et al. Finite element analysis of ultrasonic assisted milling of SiCp/Al composites. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2019, 105(7-8): 3477-3488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. W Zheng, Y J Wang, M Zhou, et al. Material deformation and removal mechanism of SiCp/Al composites in ultrasonic vibration assisted scratch test. Ceramics International, 2018, 44(13): 15133-15144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. P Gu, C M Zhu, Z Tao, et al. A grinding force prediction model for SiCp/Al composite based on single-abrasive-grain grinding. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2020, 109(5-6): 1563-1581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. F Hu, L J Xie, J F Xiang, et al. Finite element modelling study on small-hole peck drilling of SiCp/Al composites. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018, 96(9-12): 3719-3728.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. J Xiao, S Li, S X Bai, et al. Compression brazing of SiCp/Al composite using a semisolid Zn-Al-Cu filler metal based on the strain-induced melt activation process. JOM, 2019, 71(12): 4931-4939.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. D M Wang, Z X Zheng, J Lv, et al. Multimodal particle distribution in 3D-SiC/Al-Si-Mg interpenetrating composite fabricated by pressureless infiltration. Ceramics International, 2018, 44(16): 19851-19858.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. X Wang, Y Q Li, J K Xu, et al. Comparison and research on simulation models of aluminum-based silicon carbide micro-cutting. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2020, 109(1-2): 589-605.

    Google Scholar 

  11. H T Zha, P F Feng, J F Zhang, et al. Material removal mechanism in rotary ultrasonic machining of high-volume fraction SiCp/Al composites. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018, 97(5-8): 2099-2109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. S T Huang, L Guo, H H He, et al. Experimental study on SiCp/Al composites with different volume fractions in high-speed milling with PCD tools. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018, 97(5-8): 2731-2739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. R Sekhar, T P Singh. Mechanisms in turning of metal matrix composites: a review. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2015, 4(2): 197-207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. I Ciftci, M Turker, U Seker. Evaluation of tool wear when machining SiCp-reinforced A1-2014 alloy matrix composites. Materials and Design, 2004, 25(3): 251-255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. H A Kishawy, S Kannan. An energy based analytical force model for orthogonal cutting of metal matrix composites. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 2004, 53(1): 91-94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. U A Dabade, S S Joshi, R Balasubramaniam, et al. Surface finish and integrity of machined surfaces on SiCp/Al composites. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2007, 192-193(10): 166-174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Z T Bai, G B Qiu, C S Yue, et al. Crystallisation kinetics of glass-ceramics prepared from highcarbon ferrochromium slag. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(16): 19329-19335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Z J Wang, Q F Shu, S Sridhar, et al. Effect of P2O5 and FetO on the viscosity and slag structure in steelmaking slags. Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2015, 46(2): 758-765.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. W Zheng, M Zhou, L Zhou, et al, Influence of process parameters on surface topography in ultrasonic vibration- assisted end grinding of SiCp/Al composites. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2017, 91(6): 2347-2358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. J G Du, L Zhou, J G Li, et al. Analysis of chip formation mechanism in mill-grinding of SiCp/Al composites. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2014, 29(11-12): 1353-1360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. S Kannan, H A Kishawy. Tribological aspects of machining aluminum metal matrix composites. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2008, 198(8): 399-406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. P Feng, G Liang, J Zhang. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted scratch characteristics of silicon carbide-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Ceramics International, 2014, 40(7): 10817-10823.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. X Zhao, Y Gong, M Cai, et al. Numerical and experimental analysis of material removal and surface defect mechanism in scratch tests of high volume fraction SiCp/Al composites. Materials, 2020, 12(3): 896.

    Google Scholar 

  24. J Liu, K Cheng, H Ding, et al. Realization of ductile regime machining in micro-milling SiCp/Al composites and selection of cutting parameters. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C-Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2019, 233(12): 4336-4347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. C Liu, W W Xu, J Yan, et al. Mechanistic force modeling in drilling of SiCp/Al matrix composites considering a comprehensive abrasive particle model. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2020, 109(1-2): 421-442.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Z R Chen, C Y Li, L Xu, et al. Research on the grinding performance of high pressure sintering SiCp/Al matrix composites. Engineering Review, 2018, 38(2): 175-181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. X L Chen, X B Wang, L J Xie, et al. Determining Al6063 constitutive model for cutting simulation by inverse identification method. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018, 98(1-4): 47-54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. P Wang, Z Gao, J Z Li, et al. Research on reaction brazing of Ti layer-coated SiCp/Al composites using Al-based filler metal foil. Composite Interfaces, 2019, 26(12): 1057-1068.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. T Wang, X Y Wu, G Q Zhang, et al. An experimental study on single-point diamond turning of a 55 vol% SiCp/Al composite below the ductile brittle transition depth of SiC. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2020, 108(7-8): 2255-2268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. S T Huang, L Guo, H H He, et al. Study on characteristics of SiCp/Al composites during high-speed milling with different particle size of PCD tools. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018, 95(5-8): 2269-2279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Supported by University of Science and Technology Liaoning Talent Project Grants (Grant No. 601011507-19) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51775100).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Xu Zhao, Yadong Gong & Ming Cai

  2. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China

    Xu Zhao & Bing Han

  3. Beijing Linghang Kegong Education Science & Technology Company, Beijing, 100084, China

    Guiqiang Liang

Authors
  1. Xu Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yadong Gong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Guiqiang Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ming Cai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Bing Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

XZ and YG was in charge of the whole trial; XZ wrote the manuscript; GL, MC and BH assisted with sampling and laboratory analyses. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Authors’ Information

Xu Zhao, born in 1982, is currently a PhD candidate at School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, China, as well as an associate professor at School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, China. His main research interests include grinding and precision machining, modern mechanical design theory and method, and bionic engineering. E-mail: 1982zhaoxu@163.com, zx@ustl.edu.cn.

Yadong Gong, born in 1958, is a professor at School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, China. He has served as dean of the department and dean of the school of mechanical engineering and automation. He holds a master’s degree in engineering and a doctorate in engineering from Northeastern University. Currently he is a member of ICAT and Vice Chairman of Liaoning Institute of Mechanical Engineering. Since 1995, he has been engaged in mechanical manufacturing and automation research. Especially in grinding and precision machining, digital manufacturing and micro-scale machining and other aspects of a number of research results. In recent years, he has carried out research work and made progress in the grinding of special difficult materials and robot grinding. E-mail: gongyd@mail.neu.edu.cn.

Guiqiang Liang, born in 1976, head of the team of Linghang Kegong, is a professional leader in the field of cutting simulation and a promoter of industry-university-research cooperation. Liang is postgraduate tutor of Tsinghua University, senior engineer of Chinese Academy of Sciences, senior member of China Mechanical Engineering Society, science and technology project evaluation expert of Science and Technology Department in Zhejiang and Hunan, and also think tank expert for high-end equipment manufacturing and military-civilian integration of Xiangtan City, Hunan Province. E-mail: 13910401904@163.com.

Ming Cai, born in 1990, is currently a PhD candidate at School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, China. His main research interests include grinding and precision machining. E-mail: caiming199004@126.com.

Bing Han, born in 1975, specializes in precision processing and special processing technology and equipment including magnetic abrasive technology and water cavitation peening technology. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in material science and engineering from Saitama Institute of Technology, Japan. He is professor at School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, China. E-mail: hanb75@126.com.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yadong Gong.

Ethics declarations

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhao, X., Gong, Y., Liang, G. et al. Face Grinding Surface Quality of High Volume Fraction SiCp/Al Composite Materials. Chin. J. Mech. Eng. 34, 3 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s10033-020-00527-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10033-020-00527-2

Keywords